收藏词条 编辑词条 锅炉、热交换器用不锈钢无缝钢管(GB/T 13296-1991)
1、尺寸、外形及重量
(1)外径和壁厚
钢管的外径、壁厚见表1。
钢管的外径和壁厚的允许偏差见表2。
表1
壁厚mm 外径/mm | 1.2 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 6.0 | 6.5 | 7.0 | 7.5 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 11.0 | 12.0 | 13.0 |
8.0 | × | × | × |
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10.0 | × | × | × | × | × |
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12.0 | × | × | × | × | × |
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14.0 | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
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16.0 | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
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19.0 | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
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22.0 | × | X | × | × | × | × | × | × |
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25.0 | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
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27.0 | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
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32.0 | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
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34.0 |
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38.0 |
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42.0 |
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45.0 |
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48.0 |
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51.0 |
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54.0 |
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57.0 |
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60.0 |
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63.0 |
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| × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
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65.0 |
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| × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
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70.0 |
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76.0 |
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| × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
83.0 |
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| × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
89.0 |
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| × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
102.0 |
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| × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
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108.0 |
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| × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
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114.0 |
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| × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
121.0 |
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| × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
127.0 |
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| × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
133.0 |
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| × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
140.0 |
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| × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
146.0 |
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| × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
159.0 |
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| × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
注:表中的符号“×”表示有产品。
表2
钢管种类 | 钢管尺寸,mm | 允许偏差 |
热轧、热挤压管 | 外径:≤140 >140 | ±1.25% ±1% |
壁厚:≤10 >10 | ±12.5% ±15% | |
冷拔(轧)管 | 外径:8~30 >30~50 >50 | ±0.20mm ±0.30mm ±0.8% |
壁厚:1.0~3.0
>3.0 | +12 % -10% ±10% |
注:冷拔(轧)热交换器钢管,在公差带不变的情况下,以正公差交货。
(2)长度、外形
钢管的通常长度规定如下:
热轧(挤)钢管………………………………………………………3~12m
冷拔(轧)钢管………………………………………………………3~8m
水管锅炉用钢管通常长度为:
热轧(挤)钢管………………………………………………………4~12m
冷拔(轧)钢管………………………………………………………4~8m
钢管的弯曲度不得大于如下规定:
壁厚≤15mm…………………………………………………………1.5mm/m
壁厚>15mm…………………………………………………………2.0mm/m
(3)重量
钢管按实际重量交货,亦可按理论重量交货。钢管每米的理论重量按下式计算:
W=л/1000(D-S)Sρ
式中:W—钢管理论重量,kg/m;
D—钢管公称外径,mm;
S—钢管公称壁厚,mm;
ρ—钢的密度,kg/dm3。
交货时钢管的重量,热轧无缝管按公式计算值加15%,冷拔无缝管按公式计算值加10%为标准数值。
2、牌号和化学成分
钢的牌号和化学成分(熔炼分析)见表3。
表3
组织类型 | 序号 | 牌 号 | 化学成分(质量分数)(%) | ||||||||
C | Si | Mn | P | S | Ni | Cr | M0 | 其 他 | |||
≤ | |||||||||||
奥氏体型 | 1 | 0Crl8Ni9 | 0.07 | 1 | 2 | 0.035 | 0.030 | 8.00~11.00 | 17.00~19.00 |
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2 | 1Crl9Ni9 | 0.04~0.10 | 1 | 2.00 | 0.035 | 0.03 | 8.00~11.00 | 18.00~20.00 |
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3 | 00Crl9Nil0 | 0.030 | 1 | 2 | 0.035 | 0.03 | 8.00~12.00 | 18.00~20.00 |
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4 | 2Cr23Nil3 | 0.20 | 1.00 | 2 | 0.035 | 0.030 | 12.00~15.00 | 22.00~24.00 |
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5 | 0Cr23Nil3 | 0.08 | 1 | 2 | 0.035 | 0.030 | 12.00~15.00 | 22.00~24.00 |
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6 | 2Cr25Ni20 | 0.25 | 1 | 2 | 0.035 | 0.030 | 19.00~22.00 | 24.00~26.00 |
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7 | 0Cr25Ni20 | 0.08 | 1 | 2 | 0.035 | 0.03 | 19.00~22.00 | 24.00~26.00 |
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8 | 0Crl7Nil2M02 | 0.08 | 1.00 | 2 | 0.035 | 0.030 | 10.00~14.00 | 16.00~18.50 | 2.00~3.00 |
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9 | lCrl7Nil2M02 | 0.04~0.10 | <0.75< div="">
| 2 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 11.00~14.00 | 16.00~18.00 | 2.00~3.00 |
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10 | 0Crl7Nil4M02 | 0.030 | 1 | 2 | 0.035 | 0.03 | 12.00~15.00 | 16.00~18.00 | 2.00~3.00 |
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11 | 0Crl9Nil3M03 | 0.08 | 1.00 | 2 | 0.035 | 0.03 | 11.00~15.00 | 18.00~20.00 | 3.00~4.00 |
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12 | 00Crl9Ni13M03 | 0.030 | 1 | 2 | 0.035 | 0.030 | 11.00~15.00 | 18.00~20.00 | 3.00~4.00 |
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13 | 1Crl8Ni9Ti | 0.12 | 1 | 2 | 0.035 | 0.030 | 8.00~11.00 | 17.00~19.00 |
| Ti×(wc—0.02) ~0.80 | |
14 | 0Crl8Nil0Ti | 0.08 | 1 | 2 | 0.035 | 0.030 | 9.00~12.00 | 17.00~19.00 |
| Ti>5×wc | |
15 | lCrl8NillTi | 0.04~0.10 | <0.75 | 2 | 0.030 | 0.03 | 9.00~13.00 | 17.00~20.00 |
| Ti4×wc~0.60 | |
16 | 0Crl8NillNb | 0.08 | 1 | 2 | 0.035 | 0.03 | 9.00~13.00 | 17.00~19.00 |
| Nb≥l0×wc | |
17 | lCrl9NillNb | 0.04~0.10 | 1 | 2 | 0.035 | 0.03 | 9.00~13.00 | 17.00~20.00 |
| Na+Ta≥8×Wc~1.00 | |
18 | 0Crl8Nil3Si4 | 0.08 | 3.00~5.00 | 2 | 0.035 | 0.030 | 11.50~15.00 | 15.00~20.00 |
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19 | 0Crl8Nil2M02Ti | 0.08 | 1 | 2 | 0.035 | 0.030 | 11.00~14.00 | 16.00~19.00 | 1.80~2.50 | Ti5×wc~0.70 | |
20 | 1Cr18Ni12M02Ti | 0.12 | 1.00 | 2 | 0.035 | 0.03 | 11.00~14.00 | 16.00~19.00 | 1.80_2.50 | Ti5×(Wc一0.02)-0.80 | |
21 | lCrl8Ni12M03Ti | 0.12 | 1 | 2 | 0.035 | 0.03 | 11.00~14.00 | 16.00~19.00 | 2.50~3.50 | Ti5×(Wc—0.02)0.80 | |
奥氏体铁索体型 | 22 | 0Cr26Ni5M02 | 0.08 | 1 | 1.5 | 0.035 | 0.03 | 3.00~6.00 | 23.00~28.00 | 1.00~3.00 |
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铁素体型 | 23 | 1Crl7 | 0.12 | 0.75 | 1 | 0.035 | 0.03 |
| 16.00~18.00 |
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24 | 00Cr27M0 | 0.010 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.030 | 0.020 | 允许含有 | 25.00~27.50 | 0.75~1.50 | N<0.015 | |
≤0.50Ni | |||||||||||
25 | (1Cr25Ti) | 0.12 | 1 | 0.80 | 0.035 | 0.030 |
| 24.00~27.00 |
| Ti5×Wc~0.80 |
3、交货状态
钢管经热处理并酸洗交货。成品钢管的推荐热处理制度见表4。
表4
组织类型 | 序号 | 牌 号 | 推荐热处理制度 | 力学性能 | 密度ρ/(g/cm3) | |||
ób/Mpa | ós或ó0. 2/MPa | δ5(%) | ||||||
≥ | ||||||||
奥氏体型 | 1 | 0Crl8Ni9 | 10l0~1150℃ | 急冷 | 520 | 206 | 35 | 7.93 |
2 | lCrl9Ni9 | 10l0~1150℃ | 520 | 205 | 35 | 7.93 | ||
3 | 00Crl9Nil0 | 1010~1150℃ | 480 | 175 | 35 | 7.93 | ||
4 | 2Cr23Ni13 | 1030~1150℃ | 520 | 205 | 35 | 7.98 | ||
5 | 0Cr23Nil3 | 1030~1150℃ | 520 | 205 | 35 | 7.98 | ||
6 | 2Cr25Ni20 | 1030~1180℃ | 520 | 205 | 35 | 7.98 | ||
7 | 0Cr25Ni20 | 1030~1180℃ | 520 | 206 | 35 | 7.98 | ||
8 | 0Crl7Nil2M02 | 1010~1150℃ | 520 | 205 | 35 | 7.98 | ||
9 | 1Cr17Nil2M02 | >1040℃ | 520 | 205 | 35 | 7.98 | ||
l0 | 00Crl7Nil4M02 | 10l0~1150℃ | 480 | 175 | 40 | 7.98 | ||
11 | 0Crl9Ni13M03 | 1010~1150℃ | 520 | 205 | 35 | 7.98 | ||
12 | 00Crl9Nil3M03 | 1010~1150℃ | 480 | 175 | 35 | 7.98 | ||
13 | 1Cr18Ni9Ti | 1000~1100℃ | 550 | 205 | 40 | 7.90 | ||
14 | 0Crl8Nil0Ti | 920~1150℃ | 520 | 205 | 35 | 7.93 | ||
15 | lCrl8Ni11Ti | 冷轧≥1095℃ 热轧≥1050℃ | 520 | 205 | 35 | 7.93 | ||
16 | 0Crl8NillNb | 9801150℃ | 520 | 205 | 35 | 7.98 | ||
17 | lCrl9NillNb | 冷轧≥1095℃ 热轧≥1050℃ | 520 | 205 | 35 | 7.98 | ||
18 | 0Crl8Ni13Si4 | 10l0~1150℃ | 520 | 205 | 35 | 7.98 | ||
19 | 0Crl8Ni12M02Ti | 1000~1100℃ | 530 | 205 | 35 | 8.0 | ||
20 | lCrl8Nil2M02Ti | 1000~1100℃ | 540 | 215 | 35 | 8.0 | ||
2l | 1Crl8Nil2M03Ti | 1000~1100℃ | 540 | 215 | 35 | 8.1 | ||
奥氏体-铁素体型 | 22 | 0Cr26Ni5M02 | 950~1100℃ |
| 590 | 390 | 18 |
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铁素体型 | 23 | 1Crl7 | 780~850℃ | 空冷或缓冷 | 410 | 245 | 20 | 7.7 |
24 | 00Cr27M0 | 900~1050℃ | 快冷 | 410 | 245 | 20 |
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25 | (1Cr25Ti) | 700~800℃ | 空冷 | 440 | 245 | 17 | 7.7 |
4、力学性能
热处理状态钢管的纵向力学性能见表4。根据合同要求,测定钢的屈服强度。
根据合同要求,可做硬度试验。硬度要求见表5。根据合同要求,可测定高温屈服强度。
表5
钢管的牌号 | 洛氏硬度 | 钢管的牌号 | 洛氏硬度 | ||
HRB | HRC | HRB | HRC | ||
0Crl8Ni9,1Crl9Ni9,00Crl9Nil0 2Cr23Ni13,0Cr23Ni13.2Cr25Ni20 0Cr25Ni20,0Cr17Nil2M02 00C17Nil4M02,0Cr18Nil0Ti | <90 |
| lCrl7Nil2M02.1Cr18Ni11Ti 0Crl8Ni11Nb,1Crl9NillNb | <90 |
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0Cr26Ni5M02 |
| <29 | |||
0Crl8Nil3Si4 | <95 |
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5、工艺性能
(1)水压试验
钢管需逐根进行水压试验,试验压力按下式计算。最大试验压力为20MPa,稳压时间不少于10s。在试验压力下,钢管不得出现漏水或渗漏。
P=(2SR)/D
式中:P—试验压力,MPa;
S—钢管的公称壁厚,mm;
D—钢管的公称外径,mm;
R—允许应力。
(2)压扁试验
对壁厚不大于10mm的钢管应做压扁试验,压扁后的试样不得出现裂缝和裂口,钢管压扁后的外壁距离H(mm)按下式计算:
H=(1+a)S/[a+S/D]
式中:H—钢管压扁后的外壁距离,mm;
S—钢管的公称壁厚,mm;
D—钢管的公称外径,mm;
a—单位长度变形系数。
(3)扩口试验
对壁厚不大于10 mm的钢管应做扩口试验。扩口试验顶心锥度为60°。扩口后外径的扩口率,对奥氏体-铁素体型钢管为14%,对奥氏体型钢管为18%,扩口后试样不得出现裂缝和裂口。
6、腐蚀试验
奥氏体、奥氏体-铁索体型钢管应做晶间腐蚀试验。
7、晶粒度
1Cr18Ni11Ti钢管的平均晶粒度应为4~7级。
8、无损检验
钢管应逐支进行超声波检验。检验级别按GB/T 5777-1996中的C10级或由供需般方协商处理
9、表面质置
钢管的内外表面不允许有裂纹、折叠、轧折、结疤、离层和发纹。如有这些缺陷应完全清除掉。清除深度不得超过壁厚的负偏差,其清理处实际壁厚不得小于壁厚所允许的最小值。
在钢管内外表面上,直道允许深度直如下:
冷拨(轧)管:不大于壁厚的4%,最大深度不大于0.2mm;
热轧(挤)管:不大于壁厚的5%,最大深度不大于0.4mm。
不超过壁厚负偏差的其他缺陷允许存在。